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3 helium ← lithium → beryllium H ↑ Li ↓ Na Periodic table - Extended periodic table
General
Name, symbol, number	lithium, Li, 3
Chemical series	alkali metals
Group, period, block	1, 2, s
Appearance	silvery white (seen here in oil)
Standard atomic weight	6.941(2) g·mol−1
Electron configuration	1s2 2s1
Electrons per shell	2, 1
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	0.534 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	0.512 g·cm−3
Melting point	453.69 K (180.54 °C, 356.97 °F)
Boiling point	1615 K (1342 °C, 2448 °F)
Critical point	(extrapolated) 3223 K, 67 MPa
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	147.1 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 24.860 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 797 885 995 1144 1337 1610
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	body centered cubic
Oxidation states	1 (strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	0.98 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 520.2 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 7298.1 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 11815.0 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	145 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	167 pm
Covalent radius	134 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 92.8 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 84.8 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 46 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 6000 m/s
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
CAS registry number	7439-93-2
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of lithium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 6Li 7.5% 6Li is stable with 3 neutrons 7Li 92.5% 7Li is stable with 4 neutrons 6Li content may be as low as 3.75% in natural samples. 7Li would therefore have a content of up to 96.25%.
References
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Lithium (pronounced /ˈlɪθiəm/) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft alkali metal with a silver-white color. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive, corroding quickly in moist air to form a black tarnish. For this reason, lithium metal is typically stored under the cover of oil. When cut open, lithium exhibits a metallic lustre, but contact with oxygen quickly returns it back to a dull silvery grey color. Lithium is also highly flammable.

According to theory, lithium (mostly ⁷Li) was one of the few elements synthesized in the Big Bang, although its quantity has vastly decreased. The reasons for its disappearance and the processes by which new lithium is created continue to be important matters of study in astronomy. Lithium is the 33rd most abundant element on Earth, but due to its high reactivity only appears naturally in the form of compounds. Lithium occurs in a number of pegmatitic minerals, but is also commonly obtained from brines and clays; on a commercial scale, lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride.

Trace amounts of lithium are present in the oceans and in some organisms, though the element serves no apparent biological function in humans. Nevertheless, the neurological effect of the lithium ion Li⁺ makes some lithium salts useful as a class of mood stabilizing drugs. Lithium and its compounds have several other commercial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft, and lithium batteries. Lithium also has important links to nuclear physics: the splitting of lithium atoms was the first man-made form of a nuclear reaction, and lithium deuteride serves as the fusion fuel in staged thermonuclear weapons.

Lithium

Lithium (pronounced /ˈlɪθiəm/) is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft alkali metal with a silver-white color.

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Lithium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lithium in pharmacology refers to use of the lithium ion, Li +, as a drug. A number of chemical salts of lithium are used medically as a mood stabilizing drug, primarily in the ...

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