Neurodevelopmental disorder



Neurodevelopmental disorder

A boy with microcephaly and his schoolmates. Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder.

A neurodevelopmental disorder, or disorder of neural development, is an impairment of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system. One narrower use of the term refers to a disorder of brain function which affects emotion, learning ability and memory and which unfolds as the individual grows. The term is sometimes erroneously used as an exclusive synonym for autism and autism spectrum disorders.

Disorders considered to be neurodevelopmental in origin or to have neurodevelopmental consequences when they occur in infancy and childhood includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and autism spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury (including congenital injuries such as those which cause cerebral palsy), communication, speech and language disorders, genetic disorders such as fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome and Rett syndrome, epilepsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, learning disorders, neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with widely varying degrees of mental, emotional, physical and economic burden to individuals, families and society in general.



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